The concept of the digital twin has matured. What began as a passive mirror of physical systems has evolved into a strategic, intelligent asset, capable of sensemaking, foresight, and context-driven adaptation. This article explores how digital twins have advanced through successive generations, why physics-based modelling is now essential, and how hybrid approaches like Physics-Informed Neural Networks offer the key to navigating unpredictable, high-risk scenarios—the so-called Black Swan events.

Global manufacturers are meeting the dual challenges of decarbonisation and increased demand by transforming their sites using smart energy management, circular practices and renewable energy solutions. Gianluca Cassanova, Procurement & Operations Excellence at ABB’s Smart Buildings Division, explains.

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Europe has re-evaluated its overall security strategy—including how it sources and protects its energy. To reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, the continent is rapidly expanding domestic renewable energy, particularly wind power. However, this transition brings new vulnerabilities, such as physical sabotage and cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.

The increasing usage of advanced automation technology and artificial intelligence is a primary driver of this sector’s growth.